ABSTRACT

As real estate development projects in the twenty-first century continued to grow in scale, scope, complexity, and risks, particularly Mixed-Use projects in transitional urban cores of the United States’ largest cities, what was still a somewhat novel but emerging concept in 2000, when John Stainback published Public/Private Finance and Development, public/ private partnerships became much more commonplace. What had truly been the exception up to that point – the “PPP” or “P3” – was rapidly becoming the rule, at least for the continued transformation of the urban cores in the United States’ most populous urbanized areas.