ABSTRACT
This chapter explores the relationship between different threats to human security that emerged as a result of the conflict, as well as the tsunami, in Aceh. The Aceh case is illustrative of situations where multiple risks to human security interact, including pre-existing poverty, human rights violations attributed to the conflict, and the physical destruction of the tsunami. In order to understand the challenge for human security in the Indonesian context, it is useful to juxtapose the concept with the popular nationalist slogan 'NKRI Harga Mati'. Traditional security concerns have dominated Indonesia's political landscape with its authoritarian history and quasi-military rule. Military conduct during the Gerakan Aceh Merdeka (GAM) rebellion added human rights violations as a cause of grievance. The post-1998 period also saw increased international attention given to the Aceh conflict, as Indonesia opened up to foreign assistance following the Asian financial crisis and the fall of Suharto.
