ABSTRACT
The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) prohibits the use of a number of peptide hormones and related substances ( Table 6.1 ), most of which occur naturally in the body.
Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) include the endogenous peptide erythropoietin (EPO), which is commercially available as recombinant EPO and the synthetically produced darbepoetin (dEPO) and methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta. In September 2014, WADA revised the 2014 Prohibited List to include hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) activators, such as Xenon and argon, which promote the production of EPO within the body (WADA, 2014a).
