ABSTRACT
In this chapter, we compare the specialisation patterns of four south European countries as of 2005, taking Germany has a benchmark. The comparison addresses the current export diversifi cation, an estimate of the income content of exports, and the consistency of the specialisation patterns. Then, we assess the extent to which the different productive experiences, as refl ected in the current specialisation patterns, are more or less favourable to the development of comparative advantages in “upscale products”, that is, products with higher income content than the country average-a process coined as “structural transformation”.
