ABSTRACT
Sustainable mobility is proving a challenge to achieve (Banister 2008). There are negative effects of road use, such as environmental pollution, reduced safety and congestion and a number of policy instruments have been developed to reduce these effects. Road pricing is one such instrument, and from an economic point of view is generally considered to be an effective transport policy (Feitelson and Salomon 2004; McFadden 2007). Given its potential to reduce the need to travel (less trips), to encourage modal shift, to reduce trip lengths and to encourage greater efficiency within the transport system, it may contribute to making the transport system more sustainable (Banister 2008). The EU White Paper aims for a more sustainable transport system and considers road transport pricing to be an effective instrument in achieving this aim (Commission of the European Communities 2001b). In a recent policy update (Commission of the European Communities 2009), pricing policies were again seen as an important step towards more sustainable transportation.
