ABSTRACT
The final signing ceremony of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) on January 9, 2005 formally ended more than two decades of civil war in Sudan. This chapter analyzes the internal and external dynamics in South Sudan and Sudan after the independence of the former. Due to the complexity of the Sudans' relations with the neighboring countries and those states further away, it focuses on the relationship between the two, and pinpoints some of the factors that are central in determining the prospects for future peace. The responsibility for CPA monitoring and peace enforcement was handed to the approximately 10,000-strong United Nations Mission to Sudan (UNMIS), which was symbolically significant but hardly able to cover all of the vast territories it was charged with. As a result, South Sudan's independence meant that an agreement on transit fees for South Sudanese oil needed to be negotiated and some analysts predicted that cooperation over oil would bring peace between the two states.
