ABSTRACT
This chapter considers one of the central concerns of International Relations (IR), war. The character of war itself would have been radically different but for the forced participation by an enormous range of non-human animals. Drawing on literature from critical animal studies, sociology, published memoirs and online sources such as blogs, the chapter discusses the enormous variety of roles that non-human animals have played in the conduct of war. It also examines the character of human – non-human animal relations in times of war. Drawing on Erika Cudworth's (2011a) work on dog walking communities, the chapter considers the possibility of the emergence of human and non-human animal communities. It discusses an alternative human non-human animal community in the context of the conscription of both humans and other animals – the use of camels in the conflict with the Ottoman Empire during the First World War.
