ABSTRACT
Police forces are organizations staffed by men and women, sworn officers and civilians, who provide police services to their communities. Police work has been associated with high levels of officer cynicism. Women reported higher levels of operational stress than did men, but there were no sex differences in levels of organizational stressors. Public attitudes towards women police officers seem ambivalent. The public generally believes that female officers are as effective as male officers particularly in incidents of child abuse, family disturbances, rape incidents, and spousal abuse. Community policing involves an increase in police and community interaction, a focus on "quality-of-life" concerns of citizens, demilitarizing the police force, increasing neighbourhood patrols, problem-oriented and problem-solving police work. The limitations of military and bureaucratic structures and governance models may have given impetus to the emergence and popularity of community policing. In 2010, the British government unilaterally reduced police budgets in England and Wales by 20 percent, reducing police costs by dollar 4.6 billion.
