ABSTRACT
The character of capitalism adhere to the view that capital is capital only if it is in the hands of a distinct capitalist class. Capitalism is adjusted to and equipped, first and foremost, to economic growth at any cost, with the eventual aim to increase profits largely for the benefit of the few. The conflict between capitalism and ecology has deepened since then. The world and its habitants face the possibility of total ecological devastation. The responses of capitalist economies before and after the Kyoto Protocol demonstrate that they are used to conceive "freedom" as a technological domination of nature with no concern for social and natural chain reactions. Karl Marx, conceived ecology to be central for their thinking. Soviet ecology was, thus, much advanced during the first decade after the Revolution. It regressed, however, after Leni's death and the execution of Bukharin. Some economists took note of the criticisms against the capitalism and in support of the environment.
