ABSTRACT
This chapter analyzes the post-hegemonic strategies followed by Argentina, Brazil, and Venezuela. It examines Argentina’s neo-developmentalism after the 2001 crisis and its influence of the post-hegemonic path followed by Néstor Kirchner and Cristina Fernández de Kirchner. The chapter discusses the strategy of Hugo Chávez and the extent to which it is linked to the ideal of Bolivarian integration and compares the diverse logics of post-hegemonic regionalism fostered by Argentina, Brazil, and Venezuela. Both Argentina and Brazil have promoted regional policies to strengthen national autonomy without promoting a confrontation with the United States and other global powers. Increasing state interventionism and criticism of free-market and new-regionalism fundamentalism could describe the Argentine and Brazilian economic approach to post-hegemonic regionalism. The analysis of the actions of Argentina, Brazil, and Venezuela shows that post-hegemonic regionalism is not a monolith, because of the diversity in terms of narratives and practices that coexist.
