ABSTRACT
The history of Brazilian sociology has been greatly influenced by UNESCO's fight against racism that was launched just after the Second World War. As Consolim, Kilias and other authors in this book propose, social knowledge depends on the social and political context. After the Second World War, racism, communism and moral issues were the main discussions everyone public intellectuals and politicians faced. Ramos perceived discriminatory attitudes inside Brazilian society but regarded the main issue as how to integrate Afro-descendants. The first Polish immigrant group arrived in Curitiba through a spontaneous migration in 1870. This was the time when the territory of Poland was divided and managed by the Austro-Hungarian, Russian and Prussian empires respectively. Ianni's findings certainly suffered from the context of the scientific fight against Freyre's ideas and from the results of the UNESCO research. Prejudice and racism are classified as crimes and the Brazilian government has set out many affirmative action policies for Afro-descendant citizens.
