ABSTRACT
This chapter consists of an analysis of how the trends of Europeanization, regionalization and EAM-implementation have influenced the design and implementation of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), including its impact on scientific activities, as well as on policy measures and stakeholder relations. It discusses how the three trends influence each other within the scope of the MSFD and compare the findings with the development in the two interconnected policy areas of fisheries and chemicals. The European Union has long since developed laws and policies on single marine environmental issues, for instance on fisheries and chemicals since around 1970. The Integrated Maritime Policy covers a number of sectors in the marine field and expresses the need for an environmental pillar. The Europeanization process following the MSFD forces Member States to increasingly collaborate and to apply the EAM, both being necessary for linking science to policy in a manner that mitigates controversies and recognizes uncertainty.
