ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses on the cases of Bolivia and Venezuela. It also focuses on the constitutional texts and, analyses other materials, such as official speeches and the texts of international agreements. Political experiences of Bolivia and Venezuela in challenging liberal democracy have been the most radical in contemporary Latin America. These two countries must be the first on the list of cases to be explored in search of potential counter-hegemonic alternatives emergent in this part of the world. These discourses follows postcolonial theorization of discourses and identities, in as much as we treat these counter-hegemonic discourses neither as 'pure' autochthonous visions nor as simple political translations of previously existing social identities. The chapter aims to contribute to current theoretical discussions on democracy and postcoloniality, people's method of discourse analysis provides a broader vision of the concepts and categories that are shared by different political actors both in Bolivia and in Venezuela.
