ABSTRACT

This chapter focuses on the north-western estates. Prak and Priernas, who did not specifically focus on estates, but instead focused more on spirals of decline in the social rented housing stock in north-western Europe. The Grigsby model is probably quite useful for the American situation, but far less applicable to the development of estates in Europe because it seems to allow only limited room for the national state, the local government and the social rented stock. Oscar Newman was among the first to criticise the design of post-war high-rise housing estates. His environmental deterministic position has been adopted in Europe by Alice Coleman. The initial design organisational issues such as allocation procedures, the present state of the neighbourhood and the dwellings, the reputation of the area. The development of the neighbourhood was strongly influenced by the population composition and the initial design of the buildings and the neighbourhood.