ABSTRACT
The substance abuse represents a serious threat to aviation safety because of the negative affects on cognitive, emotional, personal, and interpersonal function. The assessment and treatment of individuals who are abusing or dependent on substances are therefore critical elements of aerospace psychological practice. There is a widely held misconception that the incidence/prevalence of substance abuse problems is lower for aviators, given the presumed socioeconomic status and other superficial indicators of high functioning. This chapter discusses the effects of chronic substance abuse on the cognitive abilities required for aviation. Different approaches are offered by scientific, regulatory, and clinical organizations. The key elements underlying any definition of addiction include an acknowledgment that addiction is a primary, chronic disease, with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors that shape its development and manifestations. Alcohol policies vary by country. In some countries, funds derived from alcohol sales can be used in unexpected ways. The alcohol prohibitions are in relation to the performance of safety-sensitive duties.
