ABSTRACT

Compassion training is following close on the heels of mindfulness, emphasizing the attitudinal and relational aspects of mind training. This chapter explores ancient and modern meanings of mindfulness and how compassion fits or doesn't fit in with those concepts. It considers the multidimensional meaning of compassion and the role mindfulness plays in compassion theory and practice, followed by a discussion of the unique features of self-compassion training. The chapter reviews some scientific evidence for considering mindfulness and compassion as converging or diverging psychological processes. There are currently three types of meditation that are typically taught under the umbrella of "mindfulness meditation" in the West, namely focused attention; open monitoring; and loving-kindness and compassion. Compassion training has some unique features that may expand our understanding of contemplative training beyond awareness-based mindfulness approaches. In particular, the practice of self-compassion offers unique opportunities for emotional growth and healing.