ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses on the linkages between oil and natural gas production on the one hand, and water, land and air quality on the other. It also focuses on places where unconventional oil and gas extraction actually take place, or where at least attempts have been made, but draw mainly on shale gas as this has become the most widely practiced, and contentious form. The chapter provides the unconventional oil and gas and the resource nexus, and initial suggestions for future synergies. Unconventional oil and gas production has not come without controversy. The term "unconventional" as applied to oil and gas production is rather misleading because what has been classified as unconventional has become or is becoming conventional. Scientists have learned more about possible linkages between unconventional oil and gas production and seismic activity, or induced seismicity. The chapter discusses the risks of greenhouse gas emissions that have been linked to unconventional oil and gas extraction.
