ABSTRACT
Some years ago in New England, a group of environmentalists asked a corporate executive how his company (a paper mill) could justify dumping its raw industrial effluent into a nearby river. The river—which had taken Mother Nature hundreds of centuries to create—had been used for drinking water, fishing, boating, and swimming. But in just a few years, the paper mill turned it into a highly toxic open sewer. The executive shrugged and said that river dumping was the most cost-effective way of removing the mill’s wastes. If the company had to absorb the additional expense of having to clean up after itself, it might not be able to maintain its competitive edge and would then have 134to go out of business or move to a cheaper labor market, resulting in a loss of jobs for the local economy.
