ABSTRACT
To be useful, any normative scenario of human development must combine two characteristics. First, it must involve stretching toward a meaningful goal or goals.1 In this context, rather than identifying target dates for the attainment of specified enrollment rates, we identify aggressive annual advance in rates of participation; we similarly identify aggressive rates for closing gender gaps. Second, a normative education scenario must be attentive to feasibility. We should therefore consider the resource requirements for the education of each student at high levels of quality and efficiency, resource needs that can differ significantly across education levels and with the ongoing development of education systems and achievement of higher incomes.
