ABSTRACT
Medieval men, when looking at Jerusalem, saw not only an urban landscape, but also a collection of symbols. Compared to medieval maps, the new miniatures, etchings, woodcuts and paintings depict a hilly skyline where some significant buildings are easily recognizable. P. Harvey 2008 illustrates the way Jerusalem was represented in medieval cartography. Progressively between the thirteenth and fifteenth centuries, and particularly after the installation in Jerusalem of the Custody of the Holy Land, individual devotional practices gradually gave way to collective ones. On the Sacri Monti, see Zanzi 1990. After the battle of Hattin, relics once contained in the Church of the Holy Sepulcher presumably were removed for safety to Europe, perhaps passing through Acre. In 1113, seven European hospitals of Saint John are documented: Saint-Gilles, Asti, Pisa, Bari, Otranto, Taranto and Messina. European churches dedicated to the Holy Sepulcher were springing up along the main pilgrimage routes.
