ABSTRACT
This chapter examines the various justifications for the granting of rights to resident citizens, external citizens and resident non-citizens. It focuses on the various normative models put forward to justify the composition of the demos vary in where they locate the inner and outer boundaries of that demos. The chapter also focuses on the interaction between citizenship and residence underlies most of the distinctions in national election voting rights in European Union (EU) member states. It summarises the rules across Europe in respect of the three groups of voters: resident citizens, resident non-citizens and non-resident citizens. The chapter examines the voting rights of non-resident citizens in the states where these are granted and explores light of the potential objections and solutions. It examines the extent to which the principles determining voting rights for resident citizens, resident non-citizens and non-resident citizens are compatible with the models.
