ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses on the theory and practice of urban planning today. Urban planning draws on social science and design as well as specialized knowledge related to land use, transportation, open space, historic preservation, housing, safety, and environmental and other planning specialties. Mostly urban planning involves significant citizen participation at the middle and sometimes upper rungs of Sherry Arnstein's ladder of citizen participation. As trade, capital flows, labor migration, and technological connectivity connect the world and the applied academic field of urban planning matures all over the world, planning ideas are readily accessible to a global audience. The rational planning model was popular in developing countries during about the golden years from the end of world war II until about 1968. The chapter describes green urbanism in Europe. It identifies core aspects of the European sustainable urban development agenda, provides specific examples of exemplary green practices that some European cities have implemented.
