ABSTRACT
The chapter seeks to understand the emergence of new authorities of governance impacted on security by exploring the nature and operation of policing within the Improvement Districts (IDs), utilising nodal and polycentric governance theory as analytic and conceptual tools to do so. It makes the argument that IDs constitute a site in which policing authorities are shifting, rather than static, having implications for order-making in light of effectiveness, regulation and power. This chapter describes the policing practices undertaken within the IDs and found that non-state enrols the state in order to fulfil its functions. Gunningham for instance, sought to identify features that need to be present for new forms of governance to function democratically features such as participatory dialogue, local-level decision-making, inclusiveness and transparency. Loader and Walker, propose a means of tying new governance to these norms through a state-anchored approach and argue that the state alone has sufficient capacity and resources to coordinate or anchor complex security governance arrangements.
