ABSTRACT
Environmental crime refers to transgressions against humans, specific environments and plant and animal species. Environmental crime is typically defined on a continuum ranging from strict legal definitions through to incorporation into broader harm-based perspectives. Within ‘green criminology’ there is an expansive definition of environmental crime or harm that includes:
transgressions that are harmful to humans, environments and nonhuman animals, regardless of legality per se; and
environmental-related harms that are facilitated by the state, as well as corporations and other powerful actors, insofar as these institutions have the capacity to shape official definitions of environmental crime in ways that allow or condone environmentally harmful practices.
(White, 2011: 212)