ABSTRACT
As with other areas of port operations and management, environmental management in ports cuts across several topics such as planning, operations, policy and regulation. Furthermore, because the environmental impacts of port projects and activities have both socio-economic (land use, city planning, economic development, social and cultural resources, etc) and eco-system (air and water quality, coastal systems and estuaries, landscape, fisheries and habitats, etc) dimensions, environmental management and sustainability in ports interacts with new research fields that are outside the traditional port literature including subjects such as earth sciences, history, ecology, marine biology, urban development and sociology.
