ABSTRACT
Following the events of 9/11, fundamental shifts have taken place in the way policy and regulatory instruments are being drafted and implemented. In the field of maritime security, this has led to a raft of compulsory and voluntary security programmes, but more importantly to a different approach to security risk assessment, management and mitigation. Traditionally, the shipping and port community has for long considered security almost solely during times of wars and political conflicts when the latter meant huge claims and insurance premiums. Even with increased warnings of the danger and consequences of the new security threats such as piracy, drug smuggling, human trafficking,
etc. neither the perception of the security risk nor the response to it had nurtured a proper security culture until new security regulations came into force.
