ABSTRACT
The CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food (CPWF) was a time-bound program with an end date of December 2013. The project adopted research-for-development (R4D) approaches only in its second Phase (2009–2013). This complicated its efforts to get from outputs to outcomes because decision-making is often a long process, vulnerable to multiple influences and driven by personalities. Credible and relevant research can increase the likelihood—but does not ensure—that outcomes will be achieved.
