Breadcrumbs Section. Click here to navigate to respective pages.
Chapter
Chapter
the authors found that about one third of vic-between offspring of Holocaust survivors and tims grew continue a pattern of abusive comparison subjects. Although there was a child rearing (Oliver, 1993). Both reviews significantly higher rate of sexual abuse noted that most studies that have evaluated offspring of Holocaust survivors, the majority the relationship between abuse in parent and of cases this sample were not related to child did not control sufficiently for sociode-sexual abuse by the parent. The higher rate of mographic characteristics and other relevant sexual abuse by others may be an adverse ef-variables. fect of emotional abuse and emotional ne-The relationship between type of parental glect, which could make the child vulnerable trauma exposure and the consequent type of to more active forms of abuse by others. child trauma has not been studied systemati-Emotional abuse and neglect reported by cally. The majority of studies have restricted Holocaust survivor offspring may be related the types of outcomes evaluated in relation to to the minimization of their experiences in re-parental trauma exposure. This implicitly sug-lation to those of their parents. Emotional gests that there have been assumptions that abuse was particularly related to PTSD the physical abuse in parents promotes physical parent. A parent recovering from the pain of abuse of children and that sexual abuse in par-the Holocaust may not have been in a position ents leads to sexual abuse in children. Such to respond with appropriate emotional con-views are consistent with the idea of a cycle nectivity a result of avoidance and numb-of abuse but take a narrow view of both the ing symptoms. By minimizing the signifi-risk factors leading abuse and the wide-cance of their child's concerns, a traumatized spread nature of the consequences. In the ab-parent may have intended to console the child sence of more rigorous study, the conclusion by placing his or her perceived crises in per-that victims of a certain type of trauma are spective. However, it likely that a young more likely to victimize others a similar child may have experienced this behavior way may be premature. invalidating. Furthermore, the extreme suffer-The current study of the child trauma ing and ongoing distress experienced by the Holocaust offspring provides data to support Holocaust survivor parent may have induced a more complex model, but this may be due guilt in their children, both for requiring vali-to the uniqueness of the Holocaust survivor dation of experiences which are inconsequen-sample. In considering the population of Ho-tial relative the Holocaust and for placing locaust survivors, a critical distinction can be demands on their symptomatic parents. Such made from other populations that have been experiences in the aggregate would prove to studied relation to intergenerational effects. be a formidable challenge to the self-worth of In Holocaust survivors, the traumatic event an offspring with symptomatic parent. was not inflicted by the parents of survivors Thus, the offspring of a symptomatic Ho-but rather by an outside force. Thus, the risk locaust survivor is a position to respond to factors for intergenerational transmission of his or her own adverse events in a manner trauma may be different from those that apply consistent with PTSD. First, a consequence to the abused parent. This would be particu-of the experiences inflicted on his or her par-larly true survivors who were older during ents, the offspring believes that the world is World War II and who had the opportunity to extremely dangerous. Second, a result of form secure familial attachments. Given the the ongoing minimization of their experi-magnitude of the trauma experienced, emo-ences, the offspring believes himself or her-tional abuse or neglect in children of Holo-self to be incompetent and unable to cope caust survivors may relate particularly pa-with more substantial problems. Third, be-rental preoccupation with the event and the cause survivors unwittingly place the burden symptoms with which survivors had to cope. on their offspring of compensating them for It is noteworthy that although many Holocaust losses sustained during the Holocaust, the off-survivors were physically tortured, there were spring often blame themselves for parental significant differences in physical abuse symptoms for which they are not responsible.
DOI link for the authors found that about one third of vic-between offspring of Holocaust survivors and tims grew continue a pattern of abusive comparison subjects. Although there was a child rearing (Oliver, 1993). Both reviews significantly higher rate of sexual abuse noted that most studies that have evaluated offspring of Holocaust survivors, the majority the relationship between abuse in parent and of cases this sample were not related to child did not control sufficiently for sociode-sexual abuse by the parent. The higher rate of mographic characteristics and other relevant sexual abuse by others may be an adverse ef-variables. fect of emotional abuse and emotional ne-The relationship between type of parental glect, which could make the child vulnerable trauma exposure and the consequent type of to more active forms of abuse by others. child trauma has not been studied systemati-Emotional abuse and neglect reported by cally. The majority of studies have restricted Holocaust survivor offspring may be related the types of outcomes evaluated in relation to to the minimization of their experiences in re-parental trauma exposure. This implicitly sug-lation to those of their parents. Emotional gests that there have been assumptions that abuse was particularly related to PTSD the physical abuse in parents promotes physical parent. A parent recovering from the pain of abuse of children and that sexual abuse in par-the Holocaust may not have been in a position ents leads to sexual abuse in children. Such to respond with appropriate emotional con-views are consistent with the idea of a cycle nectivity a result of avoidance and numb-of abuse but take a narrow view of both the ing symptoms. By minimizing the signifi-risk factors leading abuse and the wide-cance of their child's concerns, a traumatized spread nature of the consequences. In the ab-parent may have intended to console the child sence of more rigorous study, the conclusion by placing his or her perceived crises in per-that victims of a certain type of trauma are spective. However, it likely that a young more likely to victimize others a similar child may have experienced this behavior way may be premature. invalidating. Furthermore, the extreme suffer-The current study of the child trauma ing and ongoing distress experienced by the Holocaust offspring provides data to support Holocaust survivor parent may have induced a more complex model, but this may be due guilt in their children, both for requiring vali-to the uniqueness of the Holocaust survivor dation of experiences which are inconsequen-sample. In considering the population of Ho-tial relative the Holocaust and for placing locaust survivors, a critical distinction can be demands on their symptomatic parents. Such made from other populations that have been experiences in the aggregate would prove to studied relation to intergenerational effects. be a formidable challenge to the self-worth of In Holocaust survivors, the traumatic event an offspring with symptomatic parent. was not inflicted by the parents of survivors Thus, the offspring of a symptomatic Ho-but rather by an outside force. Thus, the risk locaust survivor is a position to respond to factors for intergenerational transmission of his or her own adverse events in a manner trauma may be different from those that apply consistent with PTSD. First, a consequence to the abused parent. This would be particu-of the experiences inflicted on his or her par-larly true survivors who were older during ents, the offspring believes that the world is World War II and who had the opportunity to extremely dangerous. Second, a result of form secure familial attachments. Given the the ongoing minimization of their experi-magnitude of the trauma experienced, emo-ences, the offspring believes himself or her-tional abuse or neglect in children of Holo-self to be incompetent and unable to cope caust survivors may relate particularly pa-with more substantial problems. Third, be-rental preoccupation with the event and the cause survivors unwittingly place the burden symptoms with which survivors had to cope. on their offspring of compensating them for It is noteworthy that although many Holocaust losses sustained during the Holocaust, the off-survivors were physically tortured, there were spring often blame themselves for parental significant differences in physical abuse symptoms for which they are not responsible.
the authors found that about one third of vic-between offspring of Holocaust survivors and tims grew continue a pattern of abusive comparison subjects. Although there was a child rearing (Oliver, 1993). Both reviews significantly higher rate of sexual abuse noted that most studies that have evaluated offspring of Holocaust survivors, the majority the relationship between abuse in parent and of cases this sample were not related to child did not control sufficiently for sociode-sexual abuse by the parent. The higher rate of mographic characteristics and other relevant sexual abuse by others may be an adverse ef-variables. fect of emotional abuse and emotional ne-The relationship between type of parental glect, which could make the child vulnerable trauma exposure and the consequent type of to more active forms of abuse by others. child trauma has not been studied systemati-Emotional abuse and neglect reported by cally. The majority of studies have restricted Holocaust survivor offspring may be related the types of outcomes evaluated in relation to to the minimization of their experiences in re-parental trauma exposure. This implicitly sug-lation to those of their parents. Emotional gests that there have been assumptions that abuse was particularly related to PTSD the physical abuse in parents promotes physical parent. A parent recovering from the pain of abuse of children and that sexual abuse in par-the Holocaust may not have been in a position ents leads to sexual abuse in children. Such to respond with appropriate emotional con-views are consistent with the idea of a cycle nectivity a result of avoidance and numb-of abuse but take a narrow view of both the ing symptoms. By minimizing the signifi-risk factors leading abuse and the wide-cance of their child's concerns, a traumatized spread nature of the consequences. In the ab-parent may have intended to console the child sence of more rigorous study, the conclusion by placing his or her perceived crises in per-that victims of a certain type of trauma are spective. However, it likely that a young more likely to victimize others a similar child may have experienced this behavior way may be premature. invalidating. Furthermore, the extreme suffer-The current study of the child trauma ing and ongoing distress experienced by the Holocaust offspring provides data to support Holocaust survivor parent may have induced a more complex model, but this may be due guilt in their children, both for requiring vali-to the uniqueness of the Holocaust survivor dation of experiences which are inconsequen-sample. In considering the population of Ho-tial relative the Holocaust and for placing locaust survivors, a critical distinction can be demands on their symptomatic parents. Such made from other populations that have been experiences in the aggregate would prove to studied relation to intergenerational effects. be a formidable challenge to the self-worth of In Holocaust survivors, the traumatic event an offspring with symptomatic parent. was not inflicted by the parents of survivors Thus, the offspring of a symptomatic Ho-but rather by an outside force. Thus, the risk locaust survivor is a position to respond to factors for intergenerational transmission of his or her own adverse events in a manner trauma may be different from those that apply consistent with PTSD. First, a consequence to the abused parent. This would be particu-of the experiences inflicted on his or her par-larly true survivors who were older during ents, the offspring believes that the world is World War II and who had the opportunity to extremely dangerous. Second, a result of form secure familial attachments. Given the the ongoing minimization of their experi-magnitude of the trauma experienced, emo-ences, the offspring believes himself or her-tional abuse or neglect in children of Holo-self to be incompetent and unable to cope caust survivors may relate particularly pa-with more substantial problems. Third, be-rental preoccupation with the event and the cause survivors unwittingly place the burden symptoms with which survivors had to cope. on their offspring of compensating them for It is noteworthy that although many Holocaust losses sustained during the Holocaust, the off-survivors were physically tortured, there were spring often blame themselves for parental significant differences in physical abuse symptoms for which they are not responsible.
ABSTRACT
748