ABSTRACT
This chapter reviews the historical, cultural, and musical overview of South America and Mexico. It then provides in-depth studies of varied musical traditions, followed by an "aural analysis" of the sound and prominent musical elements. The music of Central and South America, and of Mexico (geographically part of North America), comprises three major ingredients: Indigenous traditions, European-derived music, and African-inspired musical activity. The music of Andean rural communities dates to pre-Columbian times and has presumably remained little changed for centuries. The musical activities of the diverse peoples of Central and South America reflect the historical interactions. Indigenous populations in the rainforests and in rural areas of the Andes preserve musical traditions believed to predate the arrival of Columbus. Music found in urban areas reveals influences from Europe, specifically Spain and Portugal, as well as West Africa. Spanish influence is felt in numerous music traditions, especially those found in urban areas.
