ABSTRACT
This chapter outlines the Cold War roots and features of Russian policy and strategy. It examines the positions and responses of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and Norway both today and during the Cold War, focusing on their efforts to secure the maritime domain. The central thesis is that NATO needs to address the revitalised Russian bastion defence concept and counter the emerging anti-access strategy in the North Atlantic. The Soviet Union launched an ambitious strategic nuclear submarine building programme. In 1951–52, NATO set up two strategic commands: a European command led by Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR); and an Atlantic command led by Supreme Allied Commander Atlantic (SACLANT), based in Norfolk, Virginia. The military participates in international operations, especially in the Baltic and in the Middle East. Norwegian capabilities are a significant contribution to NATO's endeavour to counter Russian anti-access efforts and secure the maritime domain.
