ABSTRACT

This chapter examines pharmacokinetic and residue information about miscellaneous antimicrobial agents. The lincosamides, which include lincomycin and clindamycin are weak organic bases which have activity primarily restricted to Gram-positive cocci. They are particularly effective against penicillinase-producing Staphylococci. Clindamycin is more potent than lincomycin and also has excellent activity against many anaerobes, this being its primary indication for use in human medicine. Clindamycin in combination with an aminoglycoside is often used to treat severe systemic infections when an anaerobic infection is suspected, with the aminoglycoside being active against Gram-negative pathogens and clindamycin against the anaerobe component. Fusidic acid is a fungal steroid with activity primarily against Gram-positive organisms. Trimethoprim is bactericidal against susceptible organisms when used in combination with a sulfonamide. Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotic which has reported antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, Rickettsiae, Mycoplasma, and Chlamydia.