ABSTRACT
Polyamines (PA), as polycations, can regulate a lot of different developmental processes and have beneficial effects in plant abiotic stress, but sometimes they can be very toxic under certain stress conditions. Modulation of PA contents and related mechanisms can also adjust its potential role to be a good inducer of abiotic stress tolerance, mainly due to its ability to maintain the cellular redox homeostasis, enhance photoprotection, and improve water homeostasis. Salinity is one of the most dangerous abiotic stress factors affecting plant productivity worldwide and it causes drastic yield loss. Moreover, climate change can enhance the process, so effective progress is needed to induce salt tolerance of plants in a sustainable and environmentally friendly manner. Drought is a multifaceted stress condition that inhibits crop growth and reduces yield in agriculture. PAs can defend against drought in plants in different ways, for example seed soaking, seed priming, or foliar spray can be optimal treatments against drought conditions.
