ABSTRACT
This chapter deals with different genomic approaches employed to understand complex responses of crops at different levels under abiotic stresses. Marker-Assisted Selection refers to the utilization of molecular markers in breeding improved varieties with respect to desired traits, abiotic stress tolerance, and high yield. The catalogue pertaining to expressed genes of a particular species is investigated through expressed sequence tags. Functional Genomics led to functional variation by changing the structure or function of proteins. Functional genomics techniques have long been adopted to unravel gene functions and the interactions between genes in regulatory networks, which can be exploited to generate improved varieties. Genome editing change the gene expression regulation at predetermined sites and facilitates new insights into the plant functional genomics. Zinc Finger Nucleases were one of the oldest gene editing technologies, which were developed in the 1990s and owned by Sangamo Bio Sciences. Abiotic stresses are a threat to global food security and enhancement of agriculture productivity.
