ABSTRACT
As the prevalence of dystocia has increased over time, more attention has been focused on maintaining the health and longevity of cows rather than lack of vitality in the newborn calf, even with mounting evidence that dystocia results in both short-and long-term implications for calf health, performance and welfare. A recent review has documented and discussed the risk factors, characteristics, assessment, resulting outcomes and strategies for improvement of neonatal calf vitality (Murray and Leslie, 2013).
