ABSTRACT
Retaining walls are used to hold back soil and maintain a difference in the elevation of the ground surface. The retaining wall can be classified according to system rigidity into either rigid or flexible walls. A wall is considered to be rigid if it moves as a unit in rigid body and does not experience bending deformations. Flexible walls are the retaining walls that undergo bending deformations in addition to rigid body motion. Steel sheet pile wall is the most common example of the flexible walls because it can tolerate relatively large deformations.
