ABSTRACT
Hussien et al. (2012, 2014a, 2014b) used FE models to study the soil-pile interaction of free head piles installed in sandy soils and noticed a slight increase in lateral capacity of piles under vertical loads and inferred that the improvement in lateral capacity of piles may be due to the increase in confining pressure in the surrounding sand deposits. Maru and Vanza
(2017) conducted laboratory tests to investigate the lateral behavior of piles under axialcompressive loads and reported that the lateral load carrying capacity of piles improved with an increase in axial load and slenderness ratio. Hazzar et al. (2017) used 3D FD to study the effect of axial loads on the lateral behavior of pile foundations in sand and concluded that the behavior of piles in the lateral direction is not affected by the axial loads acting on the piles.
