ABSTRACT
It is anticipated that the widespread use of nanomaterials in different consumer products will cause enhanced human exposure. Hazard assessment and human health risk assessment of nanomaterials is hampered by a lack of appropriate dose metrics and methodologies for sample preparation. There is an urgent need for the development of rapid alternative testing strategies. Many efforts have been made to develop inexpensive, rapid, and simple in vitro screening assays to predict the level of toxicity. But studies comparing in vitro and in vivo biological responses following exposure to nanomaterials have generally found poor concordance. The genomic approach of toxicity assessment validates the knowledge on the intricate relationship between the pathways leading to toxicity and etiology of nanoparticles induced effects. It correlates the relevance of in vitro results that are undertaken to predict in vivo risks.
