ABSTRACT
This conclusion presents some closing thoughts on the key concepts discussed in the preceding chapters of this book. The book illustrates successful implementation of large-scale reforms ranging from those affecting a single policy arena in a local community to those changing constitutional structures for an entire nation. They involve relatively technical areas and highly charged moral areas. The book also illustrates clearly both the contingent and probabilistic nature of policy change as well as the strategic and goal-oriented behaviours of those political leaders who operate within these complex and constantly evolving environments. During periods when status quo policies are routinely reviewed and only marginally adjusted, those benefiting from the policy may be seen as politically powerful. Often it seems foolhardy for political leaders to contemplate challenging these entrenched interests. French farmers and the Common Agricultural policy in the European Union also represented entrenched interests.
