ABSTRACT
Integrated assessment of policy impact is a highly demanded and a highly demanding approach. Its aim is to increase the coherence and efficiency of public policies, also their transparency and communication. This chapter details the key questions related to the use of scientific expertise for integrated assessment. Scientific expertise is a science-based activity that differs from scientific research. It examines the models of scientific expertise. The chapter shows the case of climate change to show how a standard framing adopted by a discipline may be changed by its use in a situation of expertise. It explains the implicit roles taken by experts in context of uncertain and controversial science. The chapter recounts a typical anecdote from French energy policy and illustrates possible tensions and strategic misuse of experts opinions by policy-makers. It explains what happens to scientific results when they are used in a context of expertise, that is, a context framed by goals and constraints of decision-making.
