ABSTRACT
Tropical infections and infestations are no longer restricted to tropical countries of the developing world. They are increasingly becoming common in nonendemic countries, among visitors and immigrants. Some of these tropical infections and infestations, if not recognized and treated immediately, can lead to significant morbidity or mortality. Most of these infectious emergencies have typical skin lesions; hence, dermatology consultation is very useful in the early diagnosis of these conditions. However, all physicians need to familiarize themselves with the cutaneous findings of these potentially life-threatening diseases. A high index of suspicion (based on knowledge of endemic regions, seasonal variation of vector and infective agent, usual route of acquisition of tropical infection and infestations) and appropriate utilization of the laboratory tools are critical for appropriate management. This chapter discusses the clinical findings (with an emphasis on the mucocutaneous signs of each disease), diagnostic methods, and treatment strategies for tropical infectious disease emergencies.
