ABSTRACT
Abstract ..................................................................................................... 4 1.1 Introduction ...................................................................................... 4 1.2 Carbon-Based Nanobiomaterials ..................................................... 5 1.3 Ceramic-Based Nanobiomaterials ................................................. 13 1.4 Metal-Based Nanobiomaterials ...................................................... 17 1.5 Polymer-Based Nanobiomaterials ................................................. 22 1.6 Conclusion ..................................................................................... 28 Acknowledgments ................................................................................... 29 Keywords ................................................................................................ 29 References ............................................................................................... 29
B. A. ADERIBIGBE*
Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus, Eastern Cape, South Africa
*E-mail: blessingaderibigbe@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Conventional administration of drugs is limited by poor water solubility and bioavailability, serious side effects, high toxicity, nonspecific biodistribution, and low therapeutic indices. These limitations have resulted in several researchers investigating different nanobiomaterials that can enhance the therapeutic effects of the incorporated bioactive agents. The application of nanobiomaterials in the design of drug delivery systems offers several benefits such as increased surface area resulting in enhanced binding of the drug molecules, exhibit sizes smaller than eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells, ability to penetrate inaccessible areas, enhanced permeability and retention effect, and suitability for administration of genes and proteins. They can target the reticuloendothelial cells by passive targeting of drug to the macrophages of liver and spleen, thus useful for treatment intracellular infections. This chapter is focused on the recent trend of different nanobiomaterials used for drug delivery systems and the biological evaluation results (in vitro and in vivo).
