ABSTRACT
Heavy metals are metallic elements that have relatively high-density and are toxic in low concentrations. They are considered as carcinogenic and found in dyes as metal complex dyes in finishes. Chromium-based dye of mordant black-II is highly toxic and it is used commonly for dyeing of black colour. Though metal and metal complex dyes are hazardous in nature, they are not prohibited since certain colours like turquoise, green, blue, violet and blue shades cannot be achieved without these dyes components. Many National and European standards do not permit these dyes, but many voluntary organizations check these parameters for their eco-labelling and certification. Ecolabel and Oeko-Tex standard 100 establish limits on permitted levels of pesticides, heavy metals, and toxic substances in both raw materials and products as listed in Table 1.1.
