ABSTRACT
This chapter addresses 1968 as an era of global transformations with particular local shapes to the ideological underpinnings and legitimations for action. It assesses women's activism in the Japanese Red Army branches in Japan and in the Middle East, and in the Islamic resurgence movements that connected Muslim activists in Southeast Asia and the Middle East. The chapter provides information on the Japanese New Left – with a focus on female activists of the militant Red Army groups – and selected movements in the so-called 'Muslim world'. It discusses the role of women as violent actors in the 1960s and beyond, focusing on two cases in point from Muslim and non-Muslim Asia, Indonesia, and Japan. The case of Indonesia then serves to illustrate how transnational and transregional connections facilitated the establishment of eventually politically influential currents of Islamic resurgence movements.
