ABSTRACT
This chapter reviews the state of the art of brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) that use electrocorticography (ECoG) signals as an input. We first present the clinical settings and signal acquisition systems, including subdural grid electrodes, that lend themselves to ECoG data collection. Second, we discuss the current understanding of ECoG signal physiology and ECoG features that cannot be captured by noninvasive electrophysiology or imaging, and how this knowledge can be translated to signal features that can control BCIs. Next, we review ECoG-based BCIs in the literature that enable control, communication, and therapeutic neuromodulation. This is followed by a review of current implantable ECoG device technologies approved or available for investigational use in humans. Finally, we present and discuss various open questions in the field of ECoG BCIs and future research directions that may lead to the translation of these technologies into clinical practice.
