ABSTRACT
In the United States, school leadership underwent a profound transformation over the course of the twentieth century. Prior to World War II, the likes of Elwood Cubberly, George Strayer, and others in the Frederick Taylor-influenced First Wave of Scientific Management, shaped a nascent and under-conceptualized knowledge base. At the onset of the twentieth century many community members in the United States viewed school leaders as having a few central concerns, including the promotion of traditional spiritual values and the development of strong social contacts within the school community. By the late 1930s, even early proponents of scientific management began to turn their interest from Taylorism. Cubberly himself integrated human relations concepts into a revised version of Public School Administration in order to acknowledge the dynamic and complex nature of educational administration. World War II had a profound effect on educational leadership in the United States.
