ABSTRACT
Lwow, Lvov, Lviv have been different versions of the name of Adam Ulam's hometown. With the Hitler-Stalin deal in 1939, eastern Poland, and with it the city, became part of the Soviets' loot, and after the horrifying interval of the German occupation it stayed on the map of the USSR in its Russian form, Lvov. At the Yalta conference, President Roosevelt pleaded with Stalin that Lwow be returned to liberated Poland, but Stalin would not allow it. To be sure, social distinctions in prewar Poland instead of being obscured or concealed were only too discernible in everyday manners. Fortunately, new Poland has emancipated itself not only from Communism but also from that social backwardness and crudeness which hung so heavily over the country between the two world wars. Anti-Semitism in Poland never reached anything like the level of savagery it displayed even in prewar Nazi Germany. The foundation of Poland's security and territorial integrity was the alliance with France.
