ABSTRACT
A common aspect of economic development, in societies that already have experienced it as well as those engaged in bringing it about, is the increase of the secondary and tertiary sectors in the economy. This chapter outlines the general changes that may take place under the impact of various Western economic and political institutions in underdeveloped societies. Dualism is one of the crucial issues concerning the difference between economically advanced and underdeveloped countries. Economic and social decisions are made principally in towns or cities. Hence the increasing settlement of workers in cities, and the urban concentration of industrial establishments and related services are important factors in breaking up existing social relations and creating new forms of social interaction and social stratification. The forms of social stratification characteristic of urban industrial and tertiary occupations have to some extent affected economic and related social patterns in the rural areas of developing countries.
