ABSTRACT
The apartheid that ended with South Africa's first all-race elections in April of 1994 bore little resemblance to apartheid as it originated among Afrikaner intellectuals before their National party came to power in 1948. Apartheid's supporters, who may comprise as much as a third of whites, back the Conservative party, the Vryheid Front, and/or various paramilitary groups, for example, the Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging. Negotiations between the Vryheid Front and Mandela's government will necessarily center upon the question, which led the early theorists of apartheid into their first mistake, of how to achieve a monocultural polity from within a multiculturally populated territory. Surmounting the second mistake comes down to recognizing that 1994's political realities are not those of 1948. South Africa's new constitution makes illiberal governance virtually inevitable. The much-heralded "new South Africa" may to turn into a lamentable disaster, and it is possible that the Vryheid Front's program will not put it onto a more felicitous course.
