ABSTRACT
Austrian intellectual emigration is a special case of the general phenomenon of emigration for political, religious, cultural, and so-called "racial" reasons, but also a specific part of the larger migration movements of the twentieth century. The Austrian aspect of this emigration was subsumed by the relevant international research under the category of German-speaking emigration, a fate shared by Austrian literature. The Austrian architectural avant-garde received no better treatment. The Austrian universities between the two wars were a hotbed for reaction, but this was especially true in the University of Vienna. After 1934, anti-democratic pressures were increased by the Schuschnigg regime's attempts to ward off the German nationalist phalanx by propagating an "Austria-ideology" which, in turn, further strengthened militant anti-Semitism. The emigration and exile of Austrian intellectuals must also be seen in the larger historical context of the inter-war years.
