ABSTRACT
The problem of multiple, co-existing vocabularies and the consequent uncertainty of meaning for frequently used terms may sound like a commonplace, but it is of a crucial importance when analysing the archaeology of the early medieval Carpathian basin. The internal borders of the province evidently underwent profound changes in its history. At the turn of the seventeenth century, interest in the term 'Pannonia' was rekindled, but this time its definition enjoyed attention too. Establishing the location of possible campaign zones, as well as a tentative list of areas least likely to have been affected by these raids and internal conflicts, first requires a list of known campaigns and internal conflicts and their precise locations. The settlements were chosen precisely because they lay near the routes that these armies would most likely have taken as they moved towards the inner parts of the khaganate.
